ASSAYS PRESENTED HERE ARE FOR CRUDES produced at three distant points around the globe. Qualities range from heavy, sour Merey crude from Venezuela`s Anzoátegui state, to light, sweet Cossack from offshore northwestern Australia. Also included are Leona, a medium-grade crude from eastern Venezuela, and Liverpool Bay, a light sweet Welsh crude.
Both Merey and Leona crudes are produced by Petroleos de Venezuela SA subsidiary Corpoven SA in Anzoátegui. The oil moves by pipeline to Puerto La Cruz for export.
Cossack crude is produced by Woodside Petroleum Pty. Group. Combined reserves in Cossack and its twin field, Wanaea, are 233 million bbl oil and 245 bcf gas.
The crude is produced on a floating production, storage, and offloading vessel, where it is processed and loaded onto tankers for shipment. Gas from the field is treated at the Northwest Shelf LNG complex.
Table 1 shows the true boiling point distillation data for Cossack.
Liverpool Bay crude is produced in the Irish Sea off northern Wales. The crude is a combination of production from four fields on Blocks 110/13 and 110/15: Douglas oil field, Hamilton and North Hamilton gas fields, and Lennox oil and gas field.
The fields were brought into production in January 1996 by BHP Petroleum Ltd. Original reserves were about 1.2 tcf of gas and 150 million bbl of oil.
Table 2 shows the true boiling point distillation data for Liverpool Bay.
Leona
Puerto La Cruz, Anzoátegui, Venezuela
Whole crude
Gravity, °API: 24
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.91
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 31.47
Kin. visc. @ 122° F., cSt: 19.2
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 13.07
Mercaptan S, ppm: 18.4
Sulfur, wt %: 1.52
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: -20
Flash pt., °F.: -23
Rvp, psi: 3.66
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.45
Asphaltenes, wt %: 4.78
Total nitrogen, ppm: 3,205
UOP K factor: 11.7
Concarbon residue, wt %: 7.05
V/Ni, ppm: 139/42
Na/Al, ppm: 5.3/less than5
Range, °F.: IBP-68
Yield, wt % (vol %): 0.51 (0.59)
Range, °F.: 68-212
Gravity, °API: 71.3
Yield, wt % (vol %): 4.22 (5.49)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.6977
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 104
5 vol % recovered: 127
10 vol % recovered: 131
30 vol % recovered: 147
50 vol % recovered: 162
70 vol % recovered: 178
90 vol % recovered: 196
End point: 201
Mercaptan S, ppm: lee than 1
Sulfur, wt %: 0.002
Rvp, psi: 9.43
RON (clear): 70.3
PNA paraffins, wt %: 65.19
PNA naphthenes, wt %: 27.46
PNA aromatics, wt %: 7.12
Normal paraffins, wt %: 34.58
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 5.58
Range, °F.: 212-302
Gravity, °API: 53.7
Yield, wt % (vol %): 5.56 (6.62)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.764
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 223
5 vol % recovered: 235
10 vol % recovered: 241
30 vol % recovered: 248
50 vol % recovered: 255
70 vol % recovered: 264
90 vol % recovered: 279
End point: 284
Mercaptan S, ppm: 3
Sulfur, wt %: 0.004
Rvp, psi: 1.84
RON (clear): 50
PNA paraffins, wt %: 44.37
PNA naphthenes, wt %: 32.87
PNA aromatics, wt %: 22.72
Normal paraffins, wt %: 56.59
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.19
Range, °F.: 302-392
Gravity, °API: 46.4
Yield, wt % (vol %): 5.41 (6.18)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.7964
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 313
5 vol % recovered: 325
10 vol % recovered: 327
30 vol % recovered: 334
50 vol % recovered: 340
70 vol % recovered: 349
90 vol % recovered: 363
End point: 370
Mercaptan S, ppm: 16.00
Sulfur, wt %: 0.06
Rvp, psi: 1.08
RON (clear): 49.8
PNA paraffins, wt %: 40.27
PNA naphthenes, wt %: 28.16
PNA aromatics, wt %: 31.04
Normal paraffins, wt %: 59.2
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.26
Range, °F.: 392-482
Gravity, °API: 38.8
Yield, wt % (vol %): 7.04 (7.70)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8309
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 412
5 vol % recovered: 421
10 vol % recovered: 423
30 vol % recovered: 428
50 vol % recovered: 433
70 vol % recovered: 442
90 vol % recovered: 455
End point: 460
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 1.66
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 1.23
Mercaptan S, ppm: 8.3
Sulfur, wt %: 0.2
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: less than 0.01
Aromatics, wt %: 25.8
Refractive index (N75): 1.4594
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.35
Smoke pt., mm: 22
Freeze pt., °F.: -22
Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): 7
Aniline pt., °F.: 138
Cetane no.: 39
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 41.52
Range, °F.: 482-572
Gravity, °API: 33.1
Yield, wt % (vol %): 7.82 (8.28)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8597
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 457
5 vol % recovered: 498
10 vol % recovered: 504
30 vol % recovered: 509
50 vol % recovered: 515
70 vol % recovered: 523
90 vol % recovered: 534
End point: 540
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 3.26
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 2.04
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 1.12
Mercaptan S, ppm: 16.1
Sulfur, wt %: 0.75
Cloud pt., °F.: -15
Flash pt., °F.: 230
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
Aromatics, wt %: 34.9
Refractive index (N75): 1.4759
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.69
Smoke pt., mm: 14
Freeze pt., °F.: 21
Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L1.0
Aniline pt., °F.: 143.5
Cetane no.: 43.2
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 44.67
Range, °F.: 572-650
Gravity, °API: 29
Yield, wt % (vol %): 7.60 (7.84)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8816
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 556
5 vol % recovered: 577
10 vol % recovered: 581
30 vol % recovered: 590
50 vol % recovered: 594
70 vol % recovered: 599
90 vol % recovered: 608
End point: 612
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 6.7
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 3.85
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 1.83
Mercaptan S, ppm: 12.4
Sulfur, wt %: 1.15
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 15
Cloud pt., °F.: 16
Flash pt., °F.: 290
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.06
Aromatics, wt %: 38.8
Refractive index (N75): 1.4883
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.73
Total nitrogen, ppm: 321
Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L1.0
Aniline pt., °F.: 152.5
Cetane no.: 45.8
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 44.78
Range, °F.: 650-756
Gravity, °API: 24.4
Yield, wt % (vol %): 10.28 (10.26)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9071
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 673
5 vol % recovered: 685
10 vol % recovered: 692
30 vol % recovered: 714
50 vol % recovered: 721
70 vol % recovered: 739
90 vol % recovered: 797
End point: 824
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 10.6
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 4.04
Sulfur, wt %: 1.54
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 60
Flash pt., °F.: 400
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.408
Aromatics, wt %: 45.8
Refractive index (N75): 1.4879
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.08
Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,108
Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L2.0
Aniline pt., °F.: 161
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 39.51
V/Ni, ppm: 8.2/less than 10
Range, °F.: 756-862
Gravity, °API: 21
Yield, wt % (vol %): 9.08 (8.87)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9273
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 711
5 vol % recovered: 736
10 vol % recovered: 754
30 vol % recovered: 788
50 vol % recovered: 806
70 vol % recovered: 833
90 vol % recovered: 885
End point: 914
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 25.5
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 7.32
Sulfur, wt %: 1.6
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 90
Flash pt., °F.: 425
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.559
Aromatics, wt %: 50.2
Refractive index (N75): 1.4972
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.15
Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,634
Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L3.5
Aniline pt., °F.: 171
Concarbon residue, wt %: less than 0.05
V/Ni, ppm: 8.1/less than 5
Range, °F.: 862-968
Gravity, °API: 18.6
Yield, wt % (vol %): 8.15 (7.72)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9549
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 795
5 vol % recovered: 831
10 vol % recovered: 844
30 vol % recovered: 874
50 vol % recovered: 901
70 vol % recovered: 927
90 vol % recovered: 957
End point: 979
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 81.5
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 76.5
Sulfur, wt %: 1.76
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 105
Flash pt., °F.: 485
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.654
Aromatics, wt %: 58.2
Refractive index (N75): 1.5077
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.36
Total nitrogen, ppm: 2,391
Color stability (48hr @ 100° C.): L6.0
Aniline pt., °F.: 177
Concarbon residue, wt %: 0.12
V/Ni, ppm: 9.4/less than 5
Range, °F.: 650+
Gravity, °API: 12.3
Yield, wt % (vol %): 61.84 (57.00)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.984
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 689
5 vol % recovered: 709
10 vol % recovered: 730
30 vol % recovered: 840
50 vol % recovered: 977
70 vol % recovered: 1,031
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 93
Sulfur, wt %: 2.32
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 75
Flash pt., °F.: 485
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.475
Asphaltenes, wt %: 8.08
Total nitrogen, ppm: 4,959
Concarbon residue, wt %: 11.59
V/Ni, ppm: 223/63
Na/Al, ppm: 6.3/less than 10
Range, °F.: 756+
Gravity, °API: 10.2
Yield, wt % (vol %): 51.56 (46.74)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9986
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 741
5 vol % recovered: 793
10 vol % recovered: 822
30 vol % recovered: 923
50 vol % recovered: 1,031
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 318
Sulfur, wt %: 2.49
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 95
Flash pt., °F.: 555
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.595
Asphaltenes, wt %: 9.52
Total nitrogen, ppm: 5,245
Concarbon residue, wt %: 13.74
V/Ni, ppm: 267/76
Range, °F.: 862+
Gravity, °API: 8.5
Yield, wt % (vol %): 42.48 (37.87)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0107
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 808
5 vol % recovered: 874
10 vol % recovered: 900
30 vol % recovered: 1,006
50 vol % recovered: 1,029
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 1,276
Sulfur, wt %: 2.65
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 110
Flash pt., °F.: 615
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.621
Asphaltenes, wt %: 11.42
Total nitrogen, ppm: 7,298
Concarbon residue, wt %: 16.3
V/Ni, ppm: 319/87
Range, °F.: 968+
Gravity, °API: 5.7
Yield, wt % (vol %): 34.33 (30.15)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0313
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 8,786
Sulfur, wt %: 2.7
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 140
Flash pt., °F.: 705
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.653
Asphaltenes, wt %: 14.81
Total nitrogen, ppm: 8,104
Concarbon residue, wt %: 20.31
V/Ni, ppm: 367/102
Merey
Puerto La Cruz, Anzoátegui, Venezuela
Whole crude
Gravity, °API: 14.7
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9679
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 992.1
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 38.8
Mercaptan S, ppm: 52.5
Sulfur, wt %: 2.74
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 10
Flash pt., °F.: 98
Rvp, psi: 2.00
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.957
Asphaltenes, wt %: 8.68
Total nitrogen, ppm: 5,068
UOP K factor: 11.5
Concarbon residue, wt %: 11.21
Ash, wt %: 0.058
V/Ni, ppm: 303/84
Na/Al, ppm: 25/less than 5
Range, °F.: IBP-212
Gravity, °API: 65.6
Yield, wt % (vol %): 1.00 (1.36)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.7179
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 135
5 vol % recovered: 160
10 vol % recovered: 163
30 vol % recovered: 174
50 vol % recovered: 189
70 vol % recovered: 194
90 vol % recovered: 207
End point: 259
Mercaptan S, ppm: 4.72
Sulfur, wt %: 0.011
Rvp, psi: 6.82
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.20
PNA paraffins, wt %: 51.86
PNA naphthenes, wt %: 37.39
PNA aromatics, wt %: 10.71
Refractive index (N75): 1.3985
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 5.90
Range, °F.: 212-302
Gravity, °API: 52.7
Yield, wt % (vol %): 1.87 (2.36)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.7682
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 217
5 vol % recovered: 237
10 vol % recovered: 243
30 vol % recovered: 256
50 vol % recovered: 265
70 vol % recovered: 268
90 vol % recovered: 277
End point: 318
Mercaptan S, ppm: 3.29
Sulfur, wt %: 0.014
Rvp, psi: 1.99
RON (clear): 64.6
PNA paraffins, wt %: 42.97
PNA naphthenes, wt %: 36.31
PNA aromatics, wt %: 20.80
Refractive index (N75): 1.4287
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.48
Range, °F.: 302-392
Gravity, °API: 44.2
Yield, wt % (vol %): 2.49 (2.99)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8054
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 291
5 vol % recovered: 320
10 vol % recovered: 320
30 vol % recovered: 333
50 vol % recovered: 342
70 vol % recovered: 352
90 vol % recovered: 370
End point: 394
Mercaptan S, ppm: 10.2
Sulfur, wt %: 0.017
Rvp, psi: 1.77
RON (clear): 55.0
PNA paraffins, wt %: 33.37
PNA naphthenes, wt %: 32.95
PNA aromatics, wt %: 30.85
Refractive index (N75): 1.445
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.13
Range, °F.: 392-482
Gravity, °API: 36.1
Yield, wt % (vol %): 4.72 (5.41)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8443
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 388
5 vol % recovered: 414
10 vol % recovered: 417
30 vol % recovered: 424
50 vol % recovered: 433
70 vol % recovered: 442
90 vol % recovered: 457
End point: 473
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 1.79
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 1.27
Mercaptan S, ppm: 4.7
Sulfur, wt %: 0.39
Cloud pt., °F.: -74
Flash pt., °F.: 166
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.20
Aromatics, wt %: 20.6
Refractive index (N75): 1.4639
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.43
Smoke pt., mm: 20
Freeze pt., °F.: less than -76
Color stability (Bef./Aft. 48hr @ 100° C.): 0.5/1.0
Cetane no.: 35.5
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 36.76
Range, °F.: 482-572
Gravity, °API: 30.7
Yield, wt % (vol %): 6.47 (7.16)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8745
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 417
5 vol % recovered: 491
10 vol % recovered: 504
30 vol % recovered: 507
50 vol % recovered: 514
70 vol % recovered: 522
90 vol % recovered: 538
End point: 550
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 3.68
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 2.25
Mercaptan S, ppm: 16.7
Sulfur, wt %: 1.03
Cloud pt., °F.: -44
Flash pt., °F.: 230
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.52
Aromatics, wt %: 32.9
Refractive index (N75): 1.4814
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 6.85
Smoke pt., mm: 15
Freeze pt., °F.: 10.4
Color stability (Bef./Aft. 48hr @ 100° C.): 0.5/1.5
Aniline pt., °F.: 134
Cetane no.: 38.5
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 40.28
Range, °F.: 572-650
Gravity, °API: 25.9
Yield, wt % (vol %): 6.14 (6.60)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.8990
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 466
5 vol % recovered: 574
10 vol % recovered: 576
30 vol % recovered: 588
50 vol % recovered: 594
70 vol % recovered: 601
90 vol % recovered: 613
End point: 626
Kin. visc. @ 100° F., cSt: 7.99
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 4.17
Mercaptan S, ppm: 20.6
Sulfur, wt %: 1.69
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: -10
Cloud pt., °F.: -5
Flash pt., °F.: 262
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.80
Aromatics, wt %: 57.2
Refractive index (N75): 1.4958
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.12
Total nitrogen, ppm: 187
Aniline pt., °F.: 136
Cetane no.: 39.2
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 40.43
Concarbon residue, wt %: less than 0.05
Range, °F.: 650-756
Gravity, °API: 20.6
Yield, wt % (vol %): 12.46 (13.0)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9303
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 605
5 vol % recovered: 640
10 vol % recovered: 667
30 vol % recovered: 700
50 vol % recovered: 702
70 vol % recovered: 723
90 vol % recovered: 763
End point: 792*
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 14.99
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 4.76
Sulfur, wt %: 2.29
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 50
Flash pt., °F.: 405
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.10
Aromatics, wt %: 49.7
Refractive index (N75): 1.499
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.40
Total nitrogen, ppm: 997
Aniline pt., °F.: 145
Calculated cetane index (ASTM): 35.25
V/Ni, ppm: 8.9/less than 2
Range, °F.: 765-862
Gravity, °API: 17.1
Yield, wt % (vol %): 9.86 (10.06)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9522
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 676
5 vol % recovered: 718
10 vol % recovered: 750
30 vol % recovered: 797
50 vol % recovered: 801
70 vol % recovered: 829
90 vol % recovered: 860
End point: 894*
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 57.7
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 11.9
Sulfur, wt %: 2.41
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 80
Flash pt., °F.: 450
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.37
Aromatics, wt %: 54.8
Refractive index (N75): 1.5105
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.51
Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,833
Aniline pt., °F.: 154
Concarbon residue, wt %: less than 0.05
V/Ni, ppm: 9/less than 2
Range, °F.: 862-968
Gravity, °API: 14.5
Yield, wt % (vol %): 9.19 (9.21)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 0.9692
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 781
5 vol % recovered: 831
10 vol % recovered: 865
30 vol % recovered: 905
50 vol % recovered: 905
70 vol % recovered: 923
90 vol % recovered: 954
End point: 977*
Kin. visc. @ 140° F., cSt: 263.9
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 33.2
Sulfur, wt %: 2.60
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 90
Flash pt., °F.: 530
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.67
Aromatics, wt %: 65.6
Refractive index (N75): 1.5227
Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio: 7.62
Total nitrogen, ppm: 2,869
Aniline pt., °F.: 160
Concarbon residue, wt %: 0.56
Ash, wt %: 0.001
V/Ni, ppm: 9.9/less than 2
Range, °F.: 650+
Gravity, °API: 8.0
Yield, wt % (vol %): 77.31 (74.12)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0143
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 651
5 vol % recovered: 696
10 vol % recovered: 730
30 vol % recovered: 849
50 vol % recovered: 1,000
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 588.4
Sulfur, wt %: 3.34
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 95
Flash pt., °F.: 505
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.09
Asphaltenes, wt %: 10.98
Total nitrogen, ppm: 6,380
Concarbon residue, wt %: 14.93
Ash, wt %: 0.080
V/Ni, ppm: 391/104
Na/Al, ppm: 30/less than 0.1
Range, °F.: 756+
Gravity, °API: 6.2
Yield, wt % (vol %): 64.85 (61.12)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0275
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 747
5 vol % recovered: 793
10 vol % recovered: 831
30 vol % recovered: 858
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 4,160.5
Sulfur, wt %: 3.4
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 135
Flash pt., °F.: 580
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.03
Asphaltenes, wt %: 13.91
Total nitrogen, ppm: 7,509
Concarbon residue, wt %: 18.3
Ash, wt %: 0.096
V/Ni, ppm: 448/123
Range, °F.: 862+
Gravity, °API: 4.4
Yield, wt % (vol %): 54.99 (51.06)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0412
ASTM distillation, °F.-
IBP: 828
5 vol % recovered: 873
10 vol % recovered: 910
Kin. visc. @ 210° F., cSt: 22,208
Sulfur, wt %: 3.44
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 165
Flash pt., °F.: 675
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.78
Asphaltenes, wt %: 15.33
Total nitrogen, ppm: 8,384
Concarbon residue, wt %: 21.48
Ash, wt %: 0.112
V/Ni, ppm: 522/141
Range, °F.: 968+
Gravity, °API: 2.6
Yield, wt % (vol %): 45.80 (41.85)
Sp. gr. @ 60/60° F.: 1.0552
Sulfur, wt %: 3.51
Pour pt. (ASTM max.), °F.: 205
Flash pt., °F.: 760
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.65
Asphaltenes, wt %: 19.38
Total nitrogen, ppm: 9,466
Concarbon residue, wt %: 25.63
Ash, wt %: 0.132
V/Ni, ppm: 600/176
* 95 vol % recovered
Cossack
FPS, Northwest Australia
Whole crude
Gravity, °API: 47.3
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7912
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7908
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.03
Mercaptan S, ppm: 2
Total nitrogen, ppm: 310
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 100
Rvp, kPa (psi): 44.25 (6.4)
Pour point, °C.: -18
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.04
Wax content, wt %: 2.5
UOP K factor: 11.9
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 1.841
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 1.450
Concarbon residue, wt %: 0.25
Gross heating value, MJ/kg: 46.41
Net heating value, MJ/kg: 43.42
Ash content, wt %: less than 0.01
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.05
V/Ni, ppm: less than 1/1
Cu/Fe/Na, ppm: less than 1/less than 1/less than 1
Light ends
Ethane, vol %: 0.04
Propane, vol %: 0.53
iso-Butane, vol %: 0.54
n-Butane, vol %: 1.45
2,2-Dimethylpropane, vol %: 0.02
iso-Pentane, vol %: 1.9
n-Pentane, vol %: 2.66
C1-C4, vol %: 2.56
Range, °C. (°F.): 15.5-70 (59.9-158)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 2.9-11.7 (2.1-9.3)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 8.8 (7.2)
Gravity, °API: 86.2
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.6501
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.6500
Molecular weight, g/mole: 82.5
Sulfur, wt %: less than 0.01
Mercaptan S, ppm: less than 1
Rvp, kPa (psi): 96.50 (14.0)
n-Paraffins, vol %: 49.33
iso-Paraffins, vol %: 41.45
Naphthenes, vol %: 9.14
Aromatics, vol %: 0.08
RON: 69.6
MON: 66.2
Range, °C. (°F.): 70-140 (158-284)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 11.7-35.6 (9.3-31.6)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 23.9 (22.3)
Gravity, °API: 60.8
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7359
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7356
Molecular weight, g/mole: 101.7
Sulfur, wt %: less than 0.01
Mercaptan S, ppm: less than 1
Rvp, kPa (psi): 13.50 (1.95)
n-Paraffins, vol %: 26.60
iso-Paraffins, vol %: 25.78
Naphthenes, vol %: 43.59
Aromatics, vol %: 2.64
Unidentified, vol %: 1.40
RON: 53.0
MON: 50.6
Range, °C. (°F.): 140-190 (284-374)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 35.6-48.7 (31.6-44.5)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 13.1 (12.9)
Gravity, °API: 51.4
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7736
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7733
Molecular weight, g/mole: 131.4
Sulfur, wt %: less than 0.01
Mercaptan S, ppm: less than 1
Kin. visc. @ -20° C., cSt: 2.12
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 1.099
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 0.860
n-Paraffins, vol %: 29.97
iso-Paraffins, vol %: 20.31
Naphthenes, vol %: 38.72
Aromatics, vol %: 11.00
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 13.0
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.03
RON: 26.0
MON: 28.0
Freeze pt., °C.: -70
Smoke pt., mm: 31.0
Range, °C. (°F.): 140-260 (284-500)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 35.6-67.3 (31.6-63.7)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 31.7 (32.1)
Gravity, °API: 45.8
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7982
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7978
Molecular weight, g/mole: 153.5
Sulfur, wt %: less than 0.01
Mercaptan S, ppm: less than 1
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.04
Kin. visc. @ -20° C., cSt: 4.370
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 1.756
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 1.283
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 14.5
Naphthalenes, vol %: 2.21
Freeze pt., °C.: -47.0
Smoke pt., mm: 26.0
Flash pt., °C.: 46.5
Hydrogen content, wt %: 14.07
Copper corrosion, 2 hr @ 100° C.: 1A
Saybolt Color: +30
Paraffins (GCMS), vol %: 44.8
Naphthenes (GCMS), vol %: 40.4
Aromatics (GCMS), vol %: 14.8
Aniline pt., °C. (°F.): 62.3 (144.1)
Aniline gravity product: 6,600
Range, °C. (°F.): 190-230 (374-446)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 48.7-57.7 (44.5-53.6)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 9.0 (9.1)
Gravity, °API: 45.5
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7995
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7991
Molecular weight, g/mole: 160.1
Sulfur, wt %: less than 0.01
Mercaptan S, ppm: less than 1
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Kin. visc. @ -20° C., cSt: 6.440
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 1.892
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 1.280
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 11.9
Naphthalenes, vol %: 1.36
Freeze pt., °C.: -44.0
Smoke pt., mm: 26.0
Flash pt., °C.: 69.0
Hydrogen content, wt %: 14.11
Copper corrosion, 2 hr @ 100° C.: 1A
Saybolt Color: +30
Paraffins (GCMS), vol %: 46.7
Naphthenes (GCMS), vol %: 40.5
Aromatics (GCMS), vol %: 12.8
Aniline pt., °C. (°F.): 64.9 (148.8)
Aniline gravity product: 6,770
Calculated cetane index: 47.9
Pour pt., °C.: -45
Cloud pt., °C.: -42
Range, °C. (°F.): 230-360 (446-680)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 57.7-83.2 (53.6-80.8)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 25.5 (27.2)
Gravity, °API: 36.2
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8438
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8434
Molecular weight, g/mole: 211.8
Sulfur, wt %: 0.03
Mercaptan S, ppm: 35
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.08
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 3.194
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 1.923
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.39
Copper corrosion, 3 hr @ 50° C.: 1A
Calculated cetane index: 51.7
ASTM Color: L0.5
Paraffins (GCMS), vol %: 42.9
Naphthenes (GCMS), vol %: 39.0
Aromatics (GCMS), vol %: 17.7
Thiophenes (GCMS), vol %: 0.4
Pour pt., °C.: -9
Cloud pt., °C.: -6
Aniline pt., °C.: 72.1
Range, °C. (°F.): 260-360 (500-680)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 67.3-83.2 (63.7-80.8)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 15.9 (17.1)
Gravity, °API: 34.5
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8522
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8518
Molecular weight, g/mole: 231.9
Sulfur, wt %: 0.05
Mercaptan S, ppm: 54
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.10
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 4.396
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 2.460
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.30
Copper corrosion, 3 hr @ 50° C.: 1A
Calculated cetane index: 52
ASTM Color: L1.0
Paraffins (GCMS), vol %: 45.5
Naphthenes (GCMS), vol %: 37.1
Aromatics (GCMS), vol %: 17.0
Thiophenes (GCMS), vol %: 0.4
Pour pt., °C.: 0
Cloud pt., °C.: 2
Aniline pt., °C.: 75.3
Range, °C. (°F.): 360-450 (680-842)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 83.2-92.3 (80.8-90.9)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 9.1 (10.1)
Gravity, °API: 30.3
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8745
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8741
Molecular weight, g/mole: 320.2
Sulfur, wt %: 0.10
Total nitrogen, wt %: 0.049
Basic N, wt %: 0.03
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.07
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 7.147
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 3.881
Pour pt., °C.: 36
Calculated cetane index: 52.5
ASTM color: L4.5
UOP K factor: 12.2
Aniline pt., °C.: 90.3
Carbon content, wt %: 86.5
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.4
Range, °C. (°F.): 450-535 (842-995)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 92.3-97.7 (90.9-97.1)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 5.4 (6.2)
Gravity, °API: 23.8
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.9114
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.9109
Molecular weight, g/mole: 441.5
Sulfur, wt %: 0.16
Total nitrogen, wt %: 0.17
Basic N, wt %: 0.05
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.11
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 24.95
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 10.30
Pour pt., °C.: 48
UOP K factor: 12.2
Aniline pt., °C.: 99
Carbon content, wt %: 86.5
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.2
Range, °C. (°F.): 360+ (680+)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 83.2-100 (80.8-100)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 16.8 (19.2)
Gravity, °API: 25.0
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.9042
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.9037
Molecular weight, g/mole: 399.8
Sulfur, wt %: 0.17
Total nitrogen, wt %: 0.21
Basic N, wt %: 0.05
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.11
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 17.89
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 8.082
Pour pt., °C.: 39
Wax content, wt %: 21.2
UOP K factor: 12.0
Conradson C residue, wt %: 2.2
Ash content, wt %: less than 0.01
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.30
Gross heating value, MJ/kg: 44.68
Net heating value, MJ/kg: 42.06
Carbon content, wt %: 86.7
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.0
Aniline pt., °C.: 95.2
V/Ni, ppm: less than 1/7
Cu/Fe/Na, ppm: less than 1/less than 1/2
Range, °C. (°F.): 535+ (995+)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 97.7-100 (97.1-100)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 2.3 (2.9)
Gravity, °API: 11.9
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.9870
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.9864
Molecular weight, g/mole: 634.1
Sulfur, wt %: 0.27
Total nitrogen, wt %: 0.53
Basic N, wt %: 0.15
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.14
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 725.7
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 141.3
Pour pt., °C.: 54
Wax content, wt %: 27.8
UOP K factor: 11.6
Conradson C residue, wt %: 15.1
Ash content, wt %: 0.03
Asphaltenes, wt %: 4.6
Gross heating value, MJ/kg: 43.25
Net heating value, MJ/kg: 40.90
Carbon content, wt %: 88.5
Hydrogen content, wt %: 11.3
Aniline pt., °C.: 105.4
V/Ni, ppm: 3/27
Cu/Fe/Na, ppm: less than 1/9/3
Liverpool Bay
Offshore, northern Wales
Whole crude
Gravity, °API: 43.3
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8094
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8091
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.24
Mercaptan S, ppm: 1,020
H2S, ppm: less than 1
Total nitrogen, ppm: 210
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 59
Rvp, psi: 4.5
Water content, wt %: less than 0.05
Salt content, lb/1,000 bbl: 83
Hydrogen content, wt %: 14.4
Carbon content, wt %: 85.44
Pour point, °C.: -18
UOP K factor: 12.2
Total acid no., mg KH/g: 0.06
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 7.21
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 3.216
Concarbon residue, wt %: 0.95
Gross calorific value, J/g: 45,300
Net calorific value, J/g: 42,240
Sediment, wt %: 0.04
Asphaltenes, wt %: less than 0.05
Ash content, wt %: 0.031
Wax content, wt %: 8.11
V/Ni, ppm: less than 0.1/less than 0.1
Cu/Fe/Na, ppm: less than 0.1/54.9/9.8
Light ends
Propane, wt %: 0.24
iso-Butane, wt %: 0.38
n-Butane, wt %: 1.31
2,2-Dimethylpropane, wt %: 0.02
iso-Pentane, wt %: 1.45
n-Pentane, wt %: 1.92
C1-C4, wt %: 1.97
Range, °C. (°F.): C5-70 (C5-158)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 2.4-10.4 (1.6-8.2)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 8.0 (6.6)
Gravity, °API: 82.5
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.6614
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.6613
Sulfur, wt %: 0.069
Mercaptan S, ppm: 358
Total nitrogen, mg/L.: 0.4
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: less than 0.01
UOP K factor: 12.4
n-Paraffins, vol %: 46.8
iso-Paraffins, vol %: 47.2
Naphthenes, vol %: 5.8
Aromatics, vol %: 0.2
RON: 68.0
MON: 66.9
Range, °C. (°F.): 70-140 (158-284)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 10.4-26.6 (8.2-23.0)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 16.2 (14.8)
Gravity, °API: 62.1
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7310
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7308
Sulfur, wt %: 0.087
Mercaptan S, ppm: 455
Total nitrogen, mg/L.: 0.6
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: less than 0.01
UOP K factor: 12.0
n-Paraffins, vol %: 22.5
iso-Paraffins, vol %: 28.7
Naphthenes, vol %: 47.2
Aromatics, vol %: 1.4
Unidentified, vol %: 0.2
RON: 52.5
MON: 51.0
Range, °C. (°F.): 140-190 (284-374)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 26.6-35.8 (23.0-31.8)
Yield, vol % (w %): 9.2 (8.8)
Gravity, °API: 51.0
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7751
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7749
Sulfur, wt %: 0.16
Mercaptan S, ppm: 1,218
Total nitrogen, mg/L.: 0.8
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: less than 0.01
UOP K factor: 11.9
n-Paraffins, vol %: 12.2
iso-Paraffins, vol %: 38.1
Naphthenes, vol %: 37.6
Aromatics, vol %: 12.0
Unidentified, vol %: 0.1
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 9.8
RON: 43.4
MON: 44.3
Freeze pt., °C.: less than -60
Smoke pt., mm: 29
Range, °C. (°F.): 140-250 (284-482)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 26.6-47.2 (23.0-43.1)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 20.6 (20.1)
Gravity, °API: 47.3
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.7913
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.7909
Sulfur, wt %: 0.17
Mercaptan S, ppm: 1,133
Total nitrogen, mg/L.: 1.0
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
UOP K factor: 11.9
Kin. visc. @ -20° C., cSt: 3.660
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 1.628
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 1.230
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 11.7
Naphthalenes, vol %: 1.09
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.8
Carbon content, wt %: 86.2
Freeze pt., °C.: -51
Smoke pt., mm: 27
Flash pt. (Abel), °C.: 46
Copper corrosion, 2 hr @ 100° C.: 1b
Aniline pt., °C. (°F.): 69.3 (156.7)
Aniline gravity product: 7,414
Gross calorific value, J/g: 46,400
Net calorific value, J/g: 43,470
Range, °C. (°F.): 190-230 (374-446)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 35.8-42.9 (31.8-38.8)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 7.1 (7.0)
Gravity, °API: 45.2
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8008
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8004
Sulfur, wt %: 0.19
Mercaptan S, ppm: 1,249
Total nitrogen, mg/L.: 1.2
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
UOP K factor: 11.9
Kin. visc. @ -20° C., cSt: 4.849
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 1.995
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 1.418
Aromatics (FIA), vol %: 12.5
Naphthalenes, vol %: 1.28
Hydrogen content, wt %: 14.1
Carbon content, wt %: 85.9
Freeze pt., °C.: -43.5
Smoke pt., mm: 26
Flash pt. (Abel), °C.: >70
Copper corrosion, 2 hr @ 100° C.: 1b
Aniline pt., °C. (°F.): 64.8 (148.6)
Aniline gravity product: 6,719
Gross calorific value, J/g: 46,300
Net calorific value, J/g: 43,300
Range, °C. (°F.): 250-360 (482-680)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 47.2-68.3 (43.1-64.9)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 21.1 (21.8)
Gravity, °API: 37.7
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8365
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8361
Sulfur, wt %: 0.23
Mercaptan S, ppm: 1,026
Total nitrogen, mg/L.: 6.9
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
UOPK factor: 11.7
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 7.460
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 4.136
Copper corrosion, 2 hr @ 100° C.: 1a
Calculated cetane index: 65.0
Flash pt., °C.: 130
Pour pt., °C.: -3
Cloud pt., °C.: 0
Cold filter plugging pt., °C.: 0
Ramsbottom C residue (10% bottoms), wt %: 0.05
Aniline pt., °C. (°F.): 80.2 (176)
Aniline gravity product: 6,635
Gross calorific value, J/g: 45,960
Net calorific value, J/g: 43,220
Hydrogen content, wt %: 12.9
Carbon content, wt %: 87.1
Range, °C. (°F.): 230-360 (446-680)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 42.9-68.3 (38.8-64.9)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 25.4 (26.1)
Gravity, °API: 38.9
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8306
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8302
Sulfur, wt %: 0.21
Mercaptan S, ppm: 995
Total nitrogen, mg/L: 6.2
Basic N, ppm: less than 10
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
UOP K factor: 12.0
Kin. visc. @ 20° C., cSt: 5.920
Kin. visc. @ 40° C., cSt: 3.546
Copper corrosion, 2 hr @ 100° C.: 1a
Calculated cetane index: 62.5
Flash pt., °C.: 118
Pour pt., °C.: -6
Cloud pt., °C.: -3
Cold filter plugging pt., °C.: -3
Ramsbottom C residue (10% bottoms), wt %: 0.06
Aniline pt., °C. (°F.): 78.4 (173)
Aniline gravity product: 6,730
Gross calorific value, J/g: 45,900
Net calorific value, J/g: 43,100
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.6
Carbon content, wt %: 86.4
Range, °C. (°F.): 360-450 (680-842)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 68.3-81.1 (64.9-78.6)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 12.8 (13.7)
Gravity, °API: 32.5
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8628
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8623
Sulfur, wt %: 0.29
Total nitrogen, ppm: 116
Basic N, ppm: 47
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.02
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 7.092
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 3.893
Pour pt., °C.: 36
UOP K factor: 12.4
Aniline pt., °C.: 98.5
Conradson C residue, wt %: 0.08
Asphaltenes, wt %: less than 0.05
Wax content, wt %: 29.6
Gross calorific value, J/g: 45,720
Net calorific value, J/g: 42,770
Carbon content, wt %: 86.1
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.9
V/Ni, ppm: less than 0.1/less than 0.1
Cu/Na/Fe, ppm: less than 0.1/less than 0.1/less than 0.1
Range, °C. (°F.): 450-540 (842-1,004)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 81.1-91.9 (78.6-90.5)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 10.8 (11.9)
Gravity, °API: 28.8
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8826
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8821
Sulfur, wt %: 0.36
Total nitrogen, ppm: 389
Basic N, ppm: 108
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.03
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 18.34
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 8.250
Pour pt., °C.: 48
UOP K factor: 12.6
Aniline pt., °C.: 106.4
Conradson C residue, wt %: 0.13
Asphaltenes, wt %: less than 0.05
Wax content, wt %: 19.8
Gross calorific value, J/g: 45,460
Net calorific value, J/g: 42,680
Carbon content, wt %: 86.9
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.1
V/Ni, ppm: less than 0.1/less than 0.1
Cu/Na/Fe, ppm: less than 0.1/less than 0.1/less than 0.1
Range, °C. (°F.): 360+ (680+)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 68.3-100.0 (64.9-100.0)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 31.7 (35.1)
Gravity, °API: 27.4
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.8905
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.8900
Sulfur, wt %: 0.37
Total nitrogen, ppm: 533
Basic N, ppm: 162
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.06
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 21.56
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 9.559
Pour pt., °C.: 42
UOP K factor: 12.3
Aniline pt., °C.: 104
Conradson C residue, wt %: 3.53
Asphaltenes, wt %: less than 0.05
Gross heating value, J/g: 45,220
Net heating value, MJ/kg: 42,420
Carbon content, wt %: 86.8
Hydrogen content, wt %: 13.2
V/Ni, ppm: less than 0.1/0.2
Cu/Fe/Na, ppm: 0.2/102/10
Range, °C. (°F.): 540+ (1,004+)
Yield range, vol % (wt %): 91.9-100.0 (90.5-100.0)
Yield, vol % (wt %): 8.1 (9.5)
Gravity, °API: 18.5
Sp gr @ 60/60° F.: 0.9435
Density @ 15° C., g/ml: 0.9430
Sulfur, wt %: 0.47
Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,290
Basic N, ppm: 442
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.10
Kin. visc. @ 70° C., cSt: 394.0
Kin. visc. @ 100° C., cSt: 98.36
Pour pt., °C.: 39
Aniline pt., °C.: 113
Conradson C residue, wt %: 12.9
Ash content, wt %: 0.118
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.05
Wax content, wt %: 23.8
Gross heating value, J/g: 44,340
Net heating value, J/g: 41,730
Carbon content, wt %: 87.7
Hydrogen content, wt %: 12.3
V/Ni, ppm: 0.3/0.7
Cu/Fe/Na, ppm: 0.8/331/33
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